![]() In addition, Gilgamesh features a flood scene that in some ways resembles a work of apocalyptic science fiction. That is The Epic of Gilgamesh." French science fiction writer Pierre Versins also argued that Gilgamesh was the first science fiction work due to its treatment of human reason and the quest for immortality. American science fiction author Lester del Rey was one such supporter of using Gilgamesh as an origin point, arguing that "science fiction is precisely as old as the first recorded fiction. One of the earliest and most commonly-cited texts for those looking for early precursors to science fiction is the ancient Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, with the earliest text versions identified as being from about 2000 BCE. 1230), their relative lack of references to science or technology puts them closer to fantasy rather than science fiction. Although fantastical and science fiction-like elements and imagery exist in stories such as Ovid's Metamorphoses (8 AD), the Old English epic heroic poem Beowulf (8th–11th centuries AD), and the Middle German epic poem Nibelungenlied (c. These texts often include elements such as a fantastical voyage to the moon or the use of imagined advanced technology. There are a number of ancient or early modern texts including a great many epics and poems that contain fantastical or "science-fictional" elements, yet were written before the emergence of science fiction as a distinct genre. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is considered one of the earliest works of modern science fiction. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea illustration by Neuville and Riou. In recent decades, the genre has diversified and become firmly established as a major influence on global culture and thought. the history of our growing understanding of the universe and the position of our species in that universe". Scholar Robert Scholes calls the history of science fiction "the history of humanity's changing attitudes toward space and time. Science fiction developed and boomed in the 20th century, as the deep integration of science and inventions into daily life encouraged a greater interest in literature that explores the relationship between technology, society, and the individual. ![]() A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics. There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (earliest Sumerian text versions c. ![]() This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins. ![]() The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees. ![]()
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